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Air Movement to Gain Control Over Temperature, Humidity & CO2 by Diana Heyden

In addition to light and carbon dioxide all plants, whether they are grown in soil or in indoor grow rooms, need a steady supply of fresh air. While this is achieved naturally in outdoor gardens, fields, farms etc., in hydroponics gardening special means have to adopted to ensure air movement for continual supply of fresh air. This is done using fans blowers and associated equipment. As air that becomes stale can no longer support plant growth it has to be vented while fresh air has to be introduced to take its place. Providing a well designed system for the movement of air inside the grow room therefore assumes paramount importance in hydroponics.

Air movement helps maintain ideal levels of several parameters such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide in the grow room. These parameters need to be effectively controlled in order to avoid a number of problems. Though complete control over these parameters is not required, some control has to be provided for to ensure that vital plant processes like transpiration are not adversely affected. Transpiration is the process by which water in the plant is evaporated to the surrounding air. Transpiration can happen only when the surrounding the air temperature is within a certain range neither high nor too low. Efficient air movement which ensures heat dissipation and temperature control facilitates transpiration.

Temperature & Carbon dioxide Availability
Though efficient movement of air has a positive effect on a number of processes, its greatest effect is seen on carbon dioxide availability. For photosynthesis to take place, carbon dioxide and light must be available to plants in adequate quantities. Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere to the extent of 300 ppm while the light is provided by the lighting system installed in the grow room. Plants in the grow room will, over a period of time, consume the available carbon dioxide necessitating fresh supplies of the gas. In the absence of air movement the process would stop. The venting of carbon dioxide depleted air and addition of fresh, cool carbon dioxide rich air ensures that this does not happen and carbon dioxide is always available for uptake by the plants.

The uptake of carbon dioxide from the surrounding air happens through stomata - microscopic openings on the underside of the leaves. Carbon dioxide absorbed by the stomata is used to make Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the major source of usable chemical energy in metabolism. Humidity and temperature ranges trigger the opening and closing of these openings to regulate internal processes. Air temperatures within 65-80 deg. F are ideal for indoor grow rooms. The upper limit can be raised to 85 deg. F with carbon dioxide supplementation. It has been shown that higher temperatures up to 90 deg. F increase the rate of photosynthesis. Beyond 90 deg F, the stomata close to cut excessive transpiration. This starves the plants of carbon dioxide with disastrous effect on yields.

Humidity Considerations
Humidity in the grow room is also an important factor that needs to be controlled as it influences several plant processes. Water is taken up by the plants for normal metabolic processes and excess water is released to the air as water vapor through transpiration. A few gallons of water is thus released by plants in a grow room adding to the humidity. This process is accelerated at higher air temperatures as plants attempt to cool themselves by releasing greater amounts of water vapor. Hence higher temperatures will lead to higher humidity in the grow room.

Relative humidity ranges of 40-60 % are ideal for most plants as optimum carbon dioxide absorption occurs within this range. Higher relative humidity levels affect the carbon dioxide absorption rate as the stomata's absorption capacity is reduced.

High humidity may also lead to heavy condensation problems. This may happen when temperature drops 10 -15 deg. F, following the switching off of grow lights. In humid conditions this can lead to heavy condensation as the air's capacity to hold water vapor gets reduced. Water droplets get deposited on grow room surfaces in which colonies of fungi and mold are formed. These may then reproduce releasing spores that can spread throughout the foliage causing extensive damage if left unchecked. The best way to avoid this problem is to ensure that all hot air is vented out of the room so that no condensation can occur.

It can be appreciated from the above that humidity in the grow room cannot be allowed to build up and needs to be controlled. Humidity control in the grow room can be achieved by ensuring movement of air. This can be done in a number ways with varying degrees of efficiency. Perhaps the simplest approach is to install a humidistat and a fan. The humidistat allows for the setting of upper limits on humidity. This does not allow high humidity levels to build up and prevents excessive condensation. Removing this air and moving fresh air in the grow room helps maintain the right conditions for plant growth.

Oscillating Fans
Since the foliage of the plants is where various processes like transpiration, absorption of carbon dioxide etc. take place, oscillation of air around it can create better conditions of temperature and humidity. It has been observed that using an oscillating fan helps mixing of the warm and cool air, reduces humidity around the plants and keeps the stomata open. An additional benefit is the high carbon di oxide content of the new air. Oscillating air also helps in pest control. A number of garden pests become uncomfortable under the high breeze of an oscillating fan and find it difficult to breed in such hostile conditions.

Know more about indoor grow rooms! Visit indoor greenhouse site.

Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Air-Movement-to-Gain-Control-Over-Temperature--Humidity---CO2/197604

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Honeywell H46E1013 Humidistat $124.95 The Honeywell H46E1013 humidistat works for humidificatona dn dehumidificaton processes for top humidity control.

Ebac Humidistat for the DD200, DD300 and DD400 $199 Control the air humidity for your dehumidifier with the Ebac Humidistat for the DD200, DD300 and DD400 (3035157). This humidistat enables you to control the amount of humidity in the air so you can keep a comfortable environment inside any room throughout the day. Best used for businesses or environments where humidity needs to be rigidly controlled, this humidistat will ensure that the dehumidifier it is attached to won't take too much moisture from the air, as well as keep enough moisture in the air to be suitable. Fibres with 0.003 mm in diameter allow you to measure the amount of humidity in the room by absorbing and desorbing humidity to form an accurate measurement. In order to work properly, the measuring unit must be protected against dust, dirt, and water, and the ventilation slots must be installed at right angles relative to the wind direction. A measuring range between 30-100% relative humidity means that you can measure and keep the humidity accurately between this range for proper air humidity. Ideal for commercial and residential settings, this humidistat will keep the air at a perfect range for a great storage environment. Humidity Control: You can control the amount of humidity in the air when you attach this humidistat to your DD200, DD300 or DD400 dehumidifiers Accurate Measurement: 90 individual fibres absorb and desorb moisture to accurately measure the air's humidity for perfect humidity management Commercial Application: Perfect for humidors, greenhouses, hospitals, and much more, this humidistat keeps the environment comfortable and ideal for commercial use

Extech Instruments 445815 Humidistat $54.99 The 445815 Extech Hygro-Thermometer comes with a remote probe that extends out to 18 inches to read those hard to reach places.

Soleus Air DP1-30-03 Portable Dehumidifier With Humidistat White $159.99 Extract moisture from the air easily and quickly with the Soleus Air DP1-30-03 Portable dehumidifier. This unit is perfect for any room that may have been flooded or is simply naturally damp, like a basement. Removing moisture from the air can help prevent water from seeping through walls and inhibit mold growth. Since dehumidifiers also circulate cool, dry air, temperatures can feel cooler. For your convenience, the Soleus Air DP1-30-03 will automatically restart after temporarily power loss and will also automatically shut off if it detects a full moisture reservoir. For all of your dehumidification needs, bring home the Soleus Air DP1-30-03 today! Features: Rated Current (Amps): 3.8 A Refrigerant: R22 Energy Star Rated Portable Design Adjustable Humidistat Continuous Operation Mode Low Temperature Operation Down to 40°F Automatic Defrost Loss of Power Protection with Auto Restart Automatic Shut-Off with Bucket Full Indicator Large Capacity Front Removable Water Bucket Heavy Duty Casters Carry Handle Capacity: 30 pints/day Air Flow: 113/99/88 CFM Noise Level: 59/56/53 dB Power Consumption: 500 W Power Supply: 115V / 60Hz Plug Type: 5-15P Energy Star: Yes

Soleus Air DP1-50-03 Humidistat 50-pint Portable Dehumidifier White $259.99 Extract moisture from the air easily and quickly with the Soleus Air Humidistat DP1-50-03 50-pint Portable Dehumidifier. This powerful unit is perfect for any room that may have been flooded or is simply naturally damp, like a basement. Removing moisture from the air can help prevent water from seeping through walls and inhibit mold growth. Since dehumidifiers also circulate cool, dry air, temperatures can feel cooler. The DP1-50-03 is a wonderful solution for any home. It’s lightweight and portable, featuring a convenient handle for moving wherever you need it. The DP1-50-03 also features an adjustable Humidistat to customize your experience. Cold climates can use this versatile unit confidently in temperatures as low 40-degrees Fahrenheit and take advantage of the automatic defrost function. For your convenience, the DP1-50-03 will automatically restart after temporarily power loss and will also automatically shut off if it detects a full moisture reservoir. For all of your dehumidification needs, b Features: Rated Current: 5.8 A Refrigerant: R22 Lightweight, Portable Design Adjustable Humidistat Low Temperature Operation Down to 40ºF Automatic Defrost Loss of Power Protection with Auto Restart Automatic Shut-Off with Bucket Full Indicator Large Capacity Front Removable Water Bucket Capacity: 50 pints/day Air Flow: 200/182/165 CFM Noise Level: 59/56/54 dB Power Consumption: 750 W Power Supply: 115V / 60Hz Plug Type: 5-15P Energy Star: Yes

Holmes HM5305UC Warm Mist Humidifier, Filter Free, Designed for Medium Rooms, Manual Humidistat, 110V AC, Wick Filter Type, 40 Hour Runtime, $39 Holmes HM5305UC Warm Mist Humidifier, Filter Free, Designed for Medium Rooms, Manual Humidistat, 110V AC, Wick Filter Type, 40 Hour Runtime,

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Soleus Air DP1-70-03 70-Pint Dehumidifier, 850W, 6.3A, 200CFM, 59dB, Humidistat, Low40ºF, AutoOff Defrost Restart, Large Front Load Water Bucket, 44Lb $179 Soleus Air DP1-70-03 70-Pint Dehumidifier, 850W, 6.3A, 200CFM, 59dB, Humidistat, Low40ºF, AutoOff Defrost Restart, Large Front Load Water Bucket, 44Lb

Soleus Air DP1-70-03 Humidistat 70-pint Portable Dehumidifier White $196.99 Humidity can be a curse. High Humidity can make you feel miserable and it can cause damage to not only your valued books and paintings, but it can also cause damage to the very walls of your home. Mold and mildew thrive in a humid environment! These can cause damage and it can cause allergy attacks and worse. Dry things out with this wonderful dehumidifier from Soleus! This Energy Star qualified machine efficiently rids your air of harmful levels of up to 70 pints of liquid in 24 hours. You set the level of humidity you want, and the machine handles it, automatically! Make your home more comfortable for you and your precious possessions by decreasing the humidity to comfortable levels. Do away with mold and mildew! Breathe easy with this energy saving dehumidifier from Soleus! Features: Rated Current (Amps): 6.3A Refrigerant: R22 Digital humidistat Low temperature operation down to 41° F Loss of power protection with auto restart Automatic shut-off with bucket full indicator and alarm Automatic defrost Garden house connector for continuous drainage Capacity: 70 pints/day Timer: Automatic Shut-off timer Fan Speed: 3 Air Flow: 200/182/165 CFM (H/M/L) Noise Level: 59/56/54 dB Power Consumption: 850 W Power Supply: 115V / 60Hz

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